Difficult, hard (adjs.)

Difficult 和 hard 這兩個幾乎每天都會見到或用到的形容詞均意為「困難的」,但含意並不相同,兩者不能混為一談。譬如說,在 I find it hard to believe that Betty is married with three children. (我難以相信貝蒂已婚,而且有三個小孩) 這句中,hard 不能用 difficult 來代替,因為 hard 是表示精神上感受到的困難,而且 hard to believe 為慣用語。

Difficult 表示需要特別的能力、技巧、智慧、優越的判斷力或勇氣才能完成、瞭解或應付的困難,比 hard 來得正式,如 The question is too difficult for Tom to answer. (這問題對湯姆來說太難了,他答不出來);It is difficult for many people to teach. (教書對許多人來說是件難事);Mathematics is very difficult for some students. (數學對一些學生來說很難);I don’t think it’s difficult to learn English well. (我認為學好英文並不難)。

Hard 為一般用語,表示難理解,不易做、不好處理等,習慣用來指體力和精神上所感受到的困難,比 difficult 來得常用很多,如 We have a hard lesson to learn. (我們有一課很難學);The novel is so hard that my daughter cannot read it at all. (這本小說太難了,我女兒讀起來一點都不懂);It’s hard to keep this secret. (很難保守這個秘密);Robert is hard to get along with. (羅伯特很難相處)。

Difficult 僅當形容詞用,而 hard 除當形容詞外 (除意為「困難的」外,還有其他多個常用的意思),還可用作副詞,意為「努力地;猛烈地;重重地;困難地」,這是 difficult 所沒有的意思,如 It’s raining hard. (雨下得很大);My father works hard every day. (我父親每天努力地工作)。

將本文加入書籤.

發表迴響