Luck 和 lucky 的用法

Luck 是名詞,意為「運氣;幸運,好運」,其後往往接介系詞 in 或 with 再接人事物來表示在某人事物上或對某人事物的運氣;lucky 是形容詞,意為「幸運的,運氣好的」。例如:

  • Bruce always wears a charm that he thinks brings him good luck. (布魯斯總是戴著一個他認為會給他帶來好運的護身符)
  • John seems to have had a lot of bad luck in finding a job. (約翰找工作時似乎碰到許多倒楣的事情)
  • My luck held/lasted and I found a gas station just in time. (好運與我常相左右 / 好運一直伴隨著我,我即時找到一處加油站)
  • A lucky person won the first prize in the competition. (一位幸運兒贏得了這項比賽的首獎)
  • You’re lucky to work for such a nice company. (你能在這麽好的一家公司工作真是幸運)
  • A: I got promoted yesterday. (A:我昨天升官了)
    B: Lucky you! (B:你真是幸運!)

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與 hope 有關的幾個重要文法觀念

Hope 可當動詞和名詞用,是個大家所熟知的字。然而,並非每個人都完全掌握它的正確用法。一個這麼常用的字,如果文法用錯了,委實說不過去。以下就來說明與 hope 有關的幾個重要文法觀念。

Hope 當動詞時經常後接省略連接詞 that 的名詞子詞,而在名詞子句中,我們經常使用現在式來表示未來。例如:

  • I hope my girlfriend comes today (我希望我女友今天來)
  • We hope you pass your exam next week. (我們希望你下週通過考試)
  • We hope the train is on time tomorrow. (我們希望明天火車準時)
  • I hope that he will succeed. (我希望他會成功)
  • I just hope you will help me. (我只希望你會幫助我)

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Q:某網站說,All people want to rake in the money. 這句不對,到底錯在哪裡呢?

A:複數名詞 people 可用來泛指人們、所有人 (其前不能有定冠詞 the),但它不能與 all 連用來表示泛指,所以問題中的句子 All people want to rake in the money. (所有人都想賺大錢) 是個錯誤的句子,必須將 all people 改為 everybody 或 everyone 才對,即 Everyone wants to rake in the money. (每個人都想賺大錢)。然而,all 可與其他複數名詞連用來表示泛指。例如:

  • All children love candy. (小孩都喜歡糖果) (正)
  • All cats love milk. (貓都喜歡牛奶) (正)
  • All students hate exams. (學生都討厭考試) (正)

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Progress 為不可數名詞

  • My daughter has made a lot of progress in English this semester. I’m very pleased. (這學期我女兒的英文進步很多。我很高興) (正)
  • My daughter has made a lot of progresses in English this semester. I’m very pleased. (誤)

解說:Progress 意為「進步,進展」,是個不可數名詞,其前不可使用不定冠詞 a 且沒有複數型。Progress 經常與動詞 make 連用來構成 to make progress (in/on + 名詞) 這個相當常用的片語,意為「(在…) 取得進展/有進步」。由於是不可數名詞,泛指時,progress 前面不可有定冠詞 the。例如:

  • Medical progress has been so rapid over the past few years. (過去幾年間,醫學發展突飛猛進) (正)
  • The medical progress has been so rapid over the past few years. (誤)

One, you, we, they

One, you, we 和 they 都可用作泛指的 (generic) 人稱代名詞,亦即用來指所有人或非特定的任何人,而不是指特定的某個人或某些人。它們的意思相當於總稱的「任何人」、「人們」或「大家」。

One, you 和 we

當 one, you 和 we 用作泛指的人稱代名詞時,它們包括說話者或寫作者本身在內。例如:

  • One cannot learn English well unless one works hard. (下苦功才能學好英文)
    = You cannot learn English well unless you work hard.
    = We cannot learn English well unless we work hard.
  • One must try one’s best. (人人都要盡力而為)
  • One has to trust one’s family. (大家都要相信自己的家人)
  • It does make one think. (這的確發人深省)
  • You can never predict what the president would do next. (誰也無法預料總統接下來會做什麼事)
  • If you exercise every day, you’ll feel much better. (天天運動,你會覺得好多了)
  • Our manager is a person who makes you feel very important. (我們經理是個會使人覺得自己很重要的人)
  • We all make mistakes. (人人都會犯錯)
  • We usually need a raincoat in Keelung. (在基隆,人們經常需要雨衣)
  • Why can we learn our mother tongue very easily? (我們為什麼能輕易學會母語呢?)

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Q:在 The rapid spread of disease in this area was ascribed to poor sanitation. 這句中,disease 不是應該用複數 diseases 嗎?

A:Disease 這個字可當可數及不可數名詞用。在 The rapid spread of disease in this area was ascribed to poor sanitation. (本地區疾病之快速蔓延,被歸因於環境衛生不佳) 這句中,disease 是當不可數名詞用,泛指任何疾病,所有疾病,而非特指某種或某些疾病。

名詞的泛指或通稱 (generic reference) 在英文中是個非常重要的文法觀念。不可數名詞是以零冠詞 (即名詞前不加任何冠詞) 來表示泛指。例如:

  • Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. (情人眼裡出西施)
  • Beauty is only skin deep. (美貌只是外表;不可以貌取人)
  • Discretion is the better part of valor. (謹慎即大勇;大勇貴謹慎 - 意指不該冒不必要的危險)
  • I adore chocolate. (我非常喜歡巧克力)
  • We adore Baroque music. (我們非常喜歡巴洛克音樂)

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