這兩個形容詞都有「值得的」意思,但無論含意或用法都有明顯的差異,兩者並非同義詞。
Worth 僅能用作表語形容詞 (predicative adjectives),亦即只能用在 BE 動詞、look、seem 及其他連綴動詞之後。它可用來表示金錢方面的價值,意為「值 … 的,有 … 的價值」,如 This bracelet is worth 1,000 US dollars. (這個手鐲值一千美元)。在非正式用法中,worth 還意為「擁有 … 身家或財產的」,如 It’s estimated that Mary is worth at least half a billion. (據估計,瑪麗擁有至少五億的身家)。
Worth 亦可用來表示非金錢方面的價值,意為「值得的」,主要用於 to be worth it、to be worth doing something 和 to be worth something 這三個片語中,但 to be worth it 亦可表示金錢方面的價值,意為「值得的;物有所值」,如 The new house cost me a lot of money, but it’s definitely worth it. (我花了很多錢買這棟新房子,但它的確物有所值);The pre-owned car cost her around ten thousand US dollars, but she thought it’s well worth it. (這部二手車花了她一萬美元左右,但她認為物超所值/很划算)。
To be worth it 意為「值得的;值得 (努力、冒險、忍受痛苦等) 去做」,如 Forget him, Monica, because he’s just not worth it. (莫妮卡,忘了他吧,因為他不值得妳這樣);I don’t want to bother to clean his room – it’s not worth it. (我可不想費心去打掃他的房間 - 犯不著)。
To be worth doing something 意為「值得做 …」,如 If a job’s worth doing, it’s worth doing well. (如果一件事值得去做,那麼它就值得盡力把它做好);There’s nothing worth reading in this novel. (這本小說沒有什麼值得一讀的);His proposal is worth considering. (他的提案值得考慮);It’s worth calling him to clear up the misunderstanding between you and him. (打電話給他澄清你和他之間的誤會是值得的)。
To be worth something 意為「值得 …」,如 The museum/exhibition is worth a visit. (這座博物館值得參觀 / 這項展覽值得一看);That matter is worth our attention. (那件事值得我們注意);It wasn’t worth the time and effort. (那不值得費時費力)。
不知各位有沒有發現,在上述三個片語中,worth 不僅可接名詞 (片語)、代名詞,也可接動名詞,如果 worth 純粹是個形容詞,這似乎不合文法。因此,有些文法學者認為,worth 亦可當介系詞用。誠然,果真如此,這一切就講得通了!
Worthwhile 既可當表語形容詞,亦可用作定語形容詞 (attributive adjectives),放在名詞前面修飾名詞,意為「值得的;值得花錢 (或時間、精力) 的」,如 Teaching is a worthwhile career/job. (教書是一項值得從事的職業/工作);It proved worthwhile to make the change. (做這項改變證明是值得的);It is worthwhile learning a few important words and expressions. (值得花時間學習一些重要的字詞)。