這兩個看似相像的名詞一度是同義詞,但現在幾乎已是意思截然不同的兩個字。Observance 意為「(法律、儀式或習俗的) 遵守,奉行;(節日,生日等的) 慶祝,紀念;(通常用複數) 典禮,儀式」,如 observance of speed limits and traffic lights (遵守速限和交通號誌);The observance of his 40th birthday falls on next Friday. (他將在下週五慶祝 40 歲生日);religious observances (宗教儀式)。
Observation 意為「觀察;觀測;觀察力;監視」,如 She’s been admitted to hospital for observation. (她已入院觀察);He is a man of little observation. (他是個觀察力極差的人);They decided to put him under observation. (他們決定監視他)。
此外,observation 還意為「(觀察後發表的) 評論,言論,意見」,通常與動詞 make 和介系詞 on 或 about 連用,如 He made some sarcastic observations about marriage. (他對婚姻發表一些諷刺的評論);I have a few observations to make on your conduct. (我對你的行為有一些看法要說)。
必須注意的是,observance 和 observation 的動詞都是 observe,因此 observe 具備這兩個字的所有意思,即「遵守,奉行;慶祝,紀念;看到;觀察;觀測;監視;評論,評述,說」,如 He observed a stranger hanging around the store. (他看到一個陌生人在商店附近閒逛);They carefully observed the behavior of koalas. (他們仔細觀察了無尾熊的生活習性);This law must be strictly observed. (這項法律必須嚴格遵守);Some people don’t observe Christmas here. (這裡有些人不過聖誕節);He observed that it was a lovely day. (他說天氣真好)。