Continual, continuous (adjs.), continuance, continuation, continuity (nn.)

Continual 意為「多次重複的,頻繁的;連續的,不間斷的」,而 continuous 意為「連續的,不斷的」。這兩個形容詞的意思看起來似乎有所重疊,但它們的含意並不相同。continual 是在形容一段時間內多次重複的動作 (常指令人不愉快的動作),帶有時斷時續、週期性和間歇的意思。例如:He still smokes despite the continual warnings of his doctor. (儘管他的醫生多次警告,他還是抽菸);Continual rain ruined the crops. (連續陰雨毀壞了農作物);continual demands for improved working conditions (多次爭取改善工作條件的要求);continual hammering (一下又一下的敲打)。

Continuous 是在形容連續而未中斷的事物、事件或動作,帶有一刻也沒有停歇的意思。此外,在這兩個形容詞當中,只有 continuous 可以描述實體或實物。例如:The brain needs a continuous supply of blood. (大腦需要不斷的血液供給);The trees formed a continuous line on the horizon. (樹木在地平線上連成綿延不斷的線條);a continuous flow of water (汨汨流水);a continuous hum from the air conditioner (空調持續不斷的嗡嗡聲);continuous hammering (連續不斷的敲打);a continuous roll of paper (連在一起的一捲紙)。所以,「不斷的干擾/騷擾」是 continual interruptions/harassment,不是 continuous interruptions/harassment。

Continual 和 continuous 的語意差異亦適用於它們的副詞 continually 和 continuously。例如:I’m tired of the way he continually complains about everything. (我對他老是凡事抱怨感到厭煩);Our database is being continually updated. (我們的資料庫一直在更新);The plane landed after flying continuously for 16 hours. (飛機在連續飛行 16 小時後著陸);It rained continuously for three days. (雨一連下了三天 — 中間沒停過)。

標題這三個名詞都導源於動詞 continue,但它們的意思或語意略有不同。continuance 意為「繼續,持續」,是指動作或時間的持續,中間通常沒有停頓或中斷,如 The continuance of this drought will ruin the harvest. (旱災持續下去會把莊稼毀掉);his continuance in office (他的繼續留任)。continuation 同樣意為「繼續,持續」,但通常指停頓或中斷後再繼續、恢復,如 We look forward to a continuation of the talks next week. (我們都盼望下週能繼續會談);Continuation of my work was difficult after I had been ill for six months. (我生了半年病後,對繼續工作感到很困難)。儘管語意有所差異,但在一些上下文中,continuance 和 continuation 是可以互換的,如 the continuance/continuation of the strike (罷工的持續)。不過,它們還各有一個意思是對方所沒有的:continuance 在美國也是一個法律用語,意為「延期審理」,而 continuation 特有的意思是「續編;延續物,接續物;延續部分」,如 The road is a continuation of the M6 motorway. (這條路是 M6 高速公路的延伸);His second novel is a continuation of the first. (他的第二本小說是第一本的續集)。

Continuity 意為「連續性;持續性:連貫性」,指繼續或延續的狀態,如 The school was like a second family, providing continuity and stability. (學校就像第二個家庭,提供延續性和穩定性);There’s no continuity between the parts of his book. (他的書各個部分之間沒有連貫性 — 亦即各個部分之間沒有關連)。此外,continuity 在電影、廣播和電視劇中還有一項專門意思,那就是「(電影、電視的) 場景串聯;(廣播等的) 節目串聯」,如 The continuity girl is responsible for making sure that the actor wears the same hat in both scenes. (女場記要負責確保那位演員在兩個場景中戴同一頂帽子)。

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