A:在這句中,ones 不能省略,否則就錯了! 英語是一種「當省 (省略) 則省,能省就省」的語言,但也不能省得太過份,而變得不符語法要求。例如,在 “Would you love to do me a favor? Yes, I’d love to.” (你想不想幫我個忙呢? 是的,我想) 這個問答中,最後面的 to 就不能省略,否則就錯了。
這位讀者顯然是在問名詞片語中名詞省略的問題。The clothes I liked were much more expensive than my old ones. (我喜歡的衣服比我的舊衣服貴很多) 中的 ones 之所以不能省略,乃因句中前後兩個名詞片語並非平行對稱 (in parallel construction)。若前後兩個名詞片語為平行對稱、對仗工整,那麼 ones 就可省略,而省略後的句子仍具備相同的語法功能。請看下面的例句:
- Do you prefer red wine or white (wine)? (你比較喜歡紅酒還是白酒呢?)
- I like the blue hat but he likes the green (hat). (我喜歡藍帽,但他喜歡綠帽)
- This house is bigger than my last (house). (這間房子比我上一間大)
在這些句子中,white (wine), green (hat), last (house) 與前面的名詞片語 red wine, blue hat, this house (形容詞 + 名詞) 平行對稱。但在問題的句子中,the clothes (that) I liked 是一個用關係子句來修飾名詞的名詞片語,與 old clothes 並不對稱,所以句末的 clothes 不能省略,而為了避免重複,故用 ones 來替代。試與下句做個比較,當可瞭解平行對稱在此所扮演的角色有多麼重要;在下句中,my old (clothes) 與 my new clothes 平行對稱,所以後面的 clothes 可以完全省略 (甚至不必用 ones 來替代):
- My new clothes were more expensive than my old. (我的新衣服比舊衣服貴)
一般而言,當名詞片語中被省略的名詞為可數名詞時,通常用代名詞 one(s) 來替代。例如:
- I like the blue hat(s) but he likes the green one(s).
- This house is bigger than my last one.
- My new clothes are more expensive than my old ones.
在不定冠詞後面,one 是必要的。例如:
- Do you want a large glass or a small one? (你想要大的杯子還是小的杯子呢?) (佳)
- Do you want a large glass or a small? (不佳)
當兩個名詞片語不平行對稱時,one(s) 也是必要的,如問題中的句子。再看下面的例句:
- I like the hat on the table but he likes the green one. (我喜歡桌上那頂帽子,但他喜歡綠色那一頂) (正)
- I like the hat on the table but he likes the green. (誤)
若名詞片語中的名詞為不可數的物質名詞,那麼就不能使用 one(s) 了;所以,當兩個名詞片語不平行對稱時,該名詞必須重複寫出:
- Do you prefer coffee with milk or Turkish coffee? (你比較喜歡牛奶咖啡還是土耳其咖啡呢?) (正)
請注意:coffee with milk (牛奶咖啡),在英文中也叫做 white coffee,但 tea with milk (奶茶) 卻不能叫做 white tea。 - Do you prefer coffee with milk or Turkish? (誤)
- We ordered fish fried in butter and garlic but they served us steamed fish. (我們點了奶油蒜香煎魚,但他們卻端來蒸魚) (正)
- We ordered fish fried in butter and garlic but they served us steamed. (誤)
試與下面文法正確的句子做比較:
- Do you prefer Irish coffee or Turkish? (你比較喜歡愛爾蘭咖啡還是土耳其咖啡呢?)
- We ordered fried fish but they served us steamed. (我們點了煎魚,但他們卻端來蒸魚)