用過去式指現在的時間

在英文中,為了表示禮貌或使語氣比較沒有那麼直接,有時會使用過去式來指現在的時間。我們通常使用 hope、think、want 和 wonder 等動詞來達成這項目的。在這種句子中,動詞可能是過去簡單式或是過去進行式,後者更有禮貌。例如:

  • I was hoping you had a job. (我希望你有工作) - 沒有 I hope you have a job. 那麼直接。
  • I was having problems with my computer and I was just wondering if you could fix them for me. (我的電腦出了問題,我只是想知道你是否能幫我修復) - 沒有 I have a problem with my computer and I wonder if you could fix it for me. 那麼直接。I was just wondering if …這個句型經常可見,宜牢記。
  • Would you give this book to Simon, please? (請你把這本書拿給賽蒙,好嗎?) - 沒有 Will you give this book to Simon, please? 那麼直接,而且比較有禮貌。
  • I wanted to ask you a question. (我想問你一個問題)


在正式的上下文中,我們有時會在現在時態的問句、邀請和請求中使用過去簡單式或過去進行式,來使句子聽起來更有禮貌。例如:

  • Did you want another coffee? (想再來一杯咖啡嗎?)
  • I thought you might like to know that Peter has bought a mansion in downtown Taipei. (我想你可能想知道彼得已買下台北市中心的一棟豪宅)
  • We were rather hoping that you’d stay for a cup of coffee. (我們很希望你能留下來喝杯咖啡)

在商店及其他服務情況中,服務人員經常使用過去式來表示禮貌。例如:

  • Clerk: What was the name please? (店員:請問貴姓?)
    Customer: Deborah, D-E-B-O-R-A-H. (顧客:黛柏拉,D-E-B-O-R-A-H)
  • Clerk: Did you need any help, madam? (店員:夫人,要幫忙嗎?)
    Customer: No, thanks. I’m just looking. (顧客:不用,謝謝。我只是隨便看看)

一般而言,動詞過去式係表示動詞的動作發生在過去、亦結束在過去,現在不再發生,抑或動詞所表示的狀態存在於過去,但現在已不復存在。然而,有時我們可用過去式來指現在仍然存在的狀態。例如:

  • John had an interview for a foreign trade job with a big company the other day but he didn’t get in because his spoken English wasn’t good enough. (約翰幾天前參加一家大公司的外貿職缺面試,但未被錄取,因為他的英文口語不夠好)
    - 約翰英文口語不夠好這一事實或狀態現在還存在,不會幾天光景就突然改變。
  • The two armed men who were caught trying to rob a jewelry store yesterday were Vietnamese. (昨天企圖搶劫一家珠寶店時被捕的那兩名武裝分子是越南人)
    - 那兩名武裝分子是越南人這一身份或國籍,現在還是,短期內不太可能因為時空而改變。
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