A lot、lots 和 plenty 係用於非正式的上下文來表示數量、金額和程度等。A lot 和 lots 用作代名詞或名詞時,意思相當於 much 和 many,而 lots 又比 a lot 更加非正式。
Plenty 當代名詞用時意為「足夠 (enough);夠多 (more than enough)」。例如:
- That’s plenty. (夠了)
- 500 US dollars will be plenty. (500 美元夠多的了)
- A: How long will it take? (A:那要花多久的時間?)
B: Two hours should be plenty. (B:兩個小時應該夠了)
A lot、lots 和 plenty 後面須有 of 才能接名詞;a lot of 和 lots of 意為「很多的」,而 plenty of 意為「很多的;充裕的;足夠的」。它們都可接可數和不可數名詞。例如:
- A lot of people don’t like the plan much. (很多人都不太喜歡這項計畫)
- Mary eats a lot of fruit. (瑪麗水果吃得很多)
- He has lots of relatives. (他有很多親戚)
- He earned lots of money last year. (他去年賺了很多錢)
- The students have plenty of ideas. (這些學生有很多想法)
- They’ve always had plenty of money. (他們總是有很多錢)
- Don’t hurry! We have plenty of time. (別急!們有的是時間 / 我們有足夠的時間) (正)
Don’t hurry! We have plenty time. (誤)
如果 a lot、lots 和 plenty 後面的名詞不言可喻,那麼該名詞通常被省略。當它們後面沒有名詞時,of 就不需要了。例如:
- A: Do you have any friends? (A:你有任何朋友嗎?)
B: Yes, I have a lot (of friends). (B:有,我有很多 (朋友)) - John didn’t bring anything to eat but there’s lots (of food) in the kitchen. (約翰沒有帶任何吃的東西來,但廚房有很多 (食物)) (正)
John didn’t bring anything to eat but there’s lots of in the kitchen. (誤) - This car cost me plenty (of money). (這部車花了我很多錢) (正)
This car cost me plenty of. (誤)
在比較正式的上下文中,我們通常使用 a good/great deal of (+ 單數不可數名詞)、 a large number of (+ 複數名詞) 或 a large quantity of (+ 單數不可數名詞或複數名詞) 來表示「很多的;大量的」意思。例如:
- A good deal of research has been done already. (已經做了大量的研究)
- He spent a great deal of time on the plan. (他花了大量的時間在這項計畫上)
- A large number of letters of complaint have been received. (已經收到大量的投訴信)
- A large quantity of imported American beef has been sold. (已售出了大量的進口美牛)